Public draft · claims are still being checked · how we check sources

About

A pilot that extends SA Policy Space across borders: it follows one question about cross-border investment through every country and regional body involved, and traces each statement to a document.

Method

This is a public draft: it is published while the checking goes on, and every citation says how far it has got. 47 of 182 quotations have been matched against their documents by a reader or a supplied copy; 43 more were matched word for word by machine. A person still has to check them all.

Each policy area asks one question. Its blockers are documented constraints on cross-border trade or investment, typed as regulatory, physical, commercial, financial, institutional, information. Its ideas are the reforms, rules, agreements and projects that could relieve them, each with a status on four tracks. Stakeholders are the institutions the records name.

Three statements are always kept apart, because evidence for one is not evidence for the next:

  • a constraint exists, which needs the operator's or regulator's own observations;
  • a project or decision is expected to relieve it, which is attributed to whoever expects it;
  • a specified amount of trade is held back and this remedy would release it, which stays unresolved until evidence connects the two.

Reach (sometimes called centrality) is counted from the records: how many cross-border connections and blockers an idea is linked to, and how many institutions in how many places it names. It measures what the records cover, not how important an idea is.

A missing document is not evidence that nothing happened. Every area and country page carries a coverage statement, and nothing is labelled dormant or stalled.

How to read a status

A status asserts only what its evidence establishes, and carries the date of the latest milestone it rests on. "Consulted · Aug 2025" means a consultation was verified in August 2025, not that one is open today.

In forceLaw in force, rules approved, or operating: it happenedConsultedDrafted, submitted, consulted on, or partly operatingTargetedA target someone has statedUnknownNot established by the sources readNot applicableThe track does not apply

Source markers show the passage. A filled dot means the wording was matched against the document by a reader or a supplied copy; a hollow dot means no one has checked it yet. A record is marked reviewed only after a person has read every quotation in it in the original.

Who is behind it

This is Laurence Wilse-Samson's project. It is independent: it is not produced by, or endorsed by, any government, regional body or institution named on it.

Built with AI tools

The site was built mostly with Claude, Anthropic's AI model, with help from Cursor and ChatGPT. Claude drafts the records, finds and extracts the passages, and writes most of the site's code. Cursor agents wrote some of the code from written briefs, and ChatGPT reviewed the design and visuals. Codex and GitHub Copilot review every change, and their findings are logged in the repository. Every statement on the site rests on a quoted or paraphrased source passage, not on a generated answer, and each citation says whether a person has checked it against the document yet.

Sources

SourcePublisherDateTier
2025 Energy Sector ReportEnergy Regulation Board2026-05-28primary
Application for open access (online form)ZESCOprimary
Beitbridge delays worsenFreight News2026-07-29secondary
BMA announces successful bidders for major border overhaulSAnews (South African Government News Agency)2026-04-28primary
BMA blames Zimbabwean bottlenecks for freight truck delays at BeitbridgeEyewitness News, Puleng Maake2026-07-26secondary
Consultation paper on the electricity trading platform regulatory framework, Version 1.0National Energy Regulator of South Africa2026-09primary
Consultation Paper on the Market Code and Rules submitted by NTCSANational Energy Regulator of South Africa2026-04-28primary
Currency and Exchanges Manual for Authorised Dealers (version 1.1.36)South African Reserve Bank (Financial Surveillance Department)2026-10-08primary
Décision N°014/ERERA/19 portant approbation des Procédures d'Accès et d'Utilisation des Services de Transport du Système d'Echanges d'Energie Electrique Ouest Africain (PAUSTE)ECOWAS Regional Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERERA / ARREC); copy hosted by WAPP2019-12-13primary
Decision WAPP/45/DEC.02/11/12 relating to the Transition of WAPP Information and Coordination Center (ICC) to Regional System Market OperatorWest African Power Pool, General Assembly (seventh session)2012-11-02primary
Decreto n.º 31/2026, de 7 de Julho, Regulamento para a Atribuição, Execução e Extinção de Concessões para a Produção, Transporte, Distribuição, Comercialização, Armazenamento, Importação e Exportação de Energia Eléctrica (Boletim da República, I Série, n.º 127)Conselho de Ministros; copy hosted by ARENE2026-07-07primary
Directive C/DIR/2/12/18 on the Securitization of the Cross-Border Power Trade under the Regional Electricity MarketECOWAS Council of Ministers (81st ordinary session, Abuja, 13 to 15 December 2018); copy hosted by WAPP2018-12primary
Draft Capital Flow Management Regulations out for public comment (SAnews)SAnews (Government Communication and Information System)2026-04-19primary
Draft Capital Flow Management Regulations, 2026 (regulations under section 9(1) of the Currency and Exchanges Act, 1933)National Treasury2026-04-17primary
Draft Open Access Market Trading Guidelines (dated 8 Aug 2025)Energy Regulation Boardprimary
ECB renews moratorium on electricity generation licences for exportsNew Era2026-07-29secondary
Economic Regulation of Transport Act 6 of 2024, with commencement historyLaw Library (lawlibrary.org.za), from Government Gazette 507992024-06-11primary
Electricity Act (Commencement) Order, 2020 (Statutory Instrument No. 15 of 2020)Government of Zambia, Statutory Instruments issue of 21 February 2020 (copy via laws.africa)2020-02-06primary
Electricity Act 4 of 2007 (annotated statute)Legal Assistance Centre (annotated copy of the Government Gazette text)primary
Electricity Act No. 11 of 2019Government of Zambia (copy via policyvault.africa)2019-12-27primary
Electricity regulator approves revised Transmission Grid Code for enhanced power systemThe Economist (Namibia)2025-04-23secondary
Electricity wheeling could unlock regional power trade in Southern AfricaGreen Building Africa2026-10-03secondary
Eleven private train operators gear up for mainline entry after concluding access agreementsEngineering News / Mining Weekly (Creamer Media), Terence Creamer2026-05-13secondary
End of year press statement by the ERB Director-GeneralEnergy Regulation Board2025-12-24primary
ERB 2025 Annual ReportEnergy Regulation Board2026-04-21primary
Introduction of the Angolan kwanza into the SADC-RTGS system (media release)South African Reserve Bank2026-07-27primary
Invitation for stakeholder feedback on draft open access documentsEnergy Regulation Board2025-08-11primary
Invitation for written stakeholder comments and public hearing on the electricity trading platform regulatory frameworkNational Energy Regulator of South Africa2026-10-04primary
Launch of SAWEM delayed, but NTCSA says preparations are well advancedEngineering News2026-04-10secondary
Lei n.º 12/2022, de 11 de Julho, Lei de Electricidade (Boletim da República, I Série, n.º 132)Assembleia da República; copy hosted by ARENE (Autoridade Reguladora de Energia)2022-07-11primary
Lusa news digest, 7 November 2025: HCB deliveries and the end of the Eskom contractLusa, as reprinted by AMAN Alliance2025-11-07secondary
Malawi-Mozambique power line passes testThe Nation (Nation Online, Malawi)2026-09-01secondary
Malawi–Mozambique interconnector commissioned after construction delaysGlobal Transmission Report2026-08-12secondary
Malawi's Power Crisis Deepens As Mozambique Lifeline Misses Third DeadlineNyasa Times, distributed by allAfrica2026-08-20secondary
Market Code Consultation WS 6: International Trade. How will this be managed in SAWEM? (Keith Bowen)NTCSA (slides marked ©BCA2023; posted on ntcsa.co.za in August 2024)2024-08primary
Media statement, extension of deadline for public comment on the draft Capital Flow Management RegulationsNational Treasury2026-05-15primary
Modernization and capacity increase of the Maputo-Ressano Garcia railway (project page)Agence Française de Développementprimary
Modified Single Buyer (MSB) market model, consumer education pageElectricity Control Boardprimary
Modified Single Buyer Market Rules, General Notice 736 of 2022Electricity Control Board, Government Gazette 79832022-12-19primary
Mozal Aluminium placed on care and maintenance (JSE SENS announcement)South32 Limited2026-03-16primary
Namibia halts issuance of licences to export electricityThe Brief2024-04-09secondary
Namibia imports over half of electricity in JanuaryThe Brief2026-03-20secondary
Namibia moves to establish fully empowered energy regulatorMining & Energy (Namibia)2026-03-03secondary
Namibia relies on imports for 65% of electricity supply in AugustMining & Energy (Namibia)2026-10-09secondary
Namibia to add 93MW in renewables, cutting power importsThe Brief2025-05secondary
Namibia: Cabinet Approves Revised Electricity Supply Model (The Namibian, via allAfrica)The Namibian / allAfrica2019-04-24secondary
NamPower apologises after midnight blackout hits central, coastThe Namibian2026-10-15secondary
NamPower Integrated Annual Report 2024 (year to 30 June 2024)NamPower2024primary
NamPower projects page (Obib-Oranjemund 400 kV interconnector; Auas-Kokerboom)NamPowerprimary
NERSA approves Market Operator licence for NTCSA and establishment of Electricity Market Advisory Forum (media statement)National Energy Regulator of South Africa2025-11-28primary
NERSA extends deadline for comments on revised electricity trading rules in South AfricaSolarQuarter2026-08-31secondary
NERSA extends public consultation deadline for South Africa's draft electricity trading rules to August 28, 2026SolarQuarter2026-07-16secondary
NERSA opens consultation on electricity trading platform frameworkGreen Building Africa2026-10secondary
Nersa wants five-year ban on automated electricity tradingTechCentral2026-10-06secondary
New version of rail Network Statement officially gazettedMining Weekly (Creamer Media), Terence Creamer2026-09-21secondary
NTCSA setting up market surveillance unit as part of preparations for SAWEM launch in AprilMining Weekly (Engineering News group)2026-09-30secondary
Operation Vulindlela Phase II, Q3 2025/26 progress reportNational Treasury / The Presidencyprimary
Operation Vulindlela progress report, Q1 2026/27National Treasury / The Presidencyprimary
PAPSS Payments Network Coverage, June 2026Pan-African Payment and Settlement System (Afreximbank)2026-06primary
Proclamation Notice 236 of 2024, commencement of the Electricity Regulation Amendment Act 38 of 2024Government of South Africa, Government Gazette 517782024-12-18primary
Regional Transmission Tariff Methodology (RTTM), adopted by Resolution No. 020/ERERA/26ECOWAS Regional Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERERA); copy hosted by WAPP2026-03-19primary
Relatório e Contas 2024 | Annual Report 2024Hidroeléctrica de Cahora Bassa, S.A. (HCB)primary
Report on NERSA's consultation on the Market Code and Market RulesGreen Building Africa2026-05-26secondary
Resolution No. 021/ERERA/26 approving the Regional Electricity Transmission Tariff Application Procedure (RETTAP)ECOWAS Regional Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERERA); copy hosted by WAPP2026-03-19primary
SA, Namibia strengthen ties with seven agreementsSAnews (South African Government News Agency)2026-07-17primary
SADC conducts assessment study at Beitbridge border post connecting Zimbabwe and South AfricaSADC Secretariat2025-02-17primary
SADC Payment System Oversight Committee Report, April 2021 to June 2024SADC Committee of Central Bank Governors (produced by the South African Reserve Bank)2024-10primary
SADC-RTGS Settlement Statistics and Indicators, September 2026South African Reserve Bank2026-09primary
SAETA urges timely finalisation of electricity market rules to unlock investment, competitionEngineering News (Sabrina Jardim)2026-07-06secondary
SAPP Market Performance Report, April 2026Southern African Power Poolprimary
SAPP Market Performance Report, August 2026Southern African Power Poolprimary
SAPP Market Performance Report, February 2026Southern African Power Poolprimary
SAPP Market Performance Report, January 2026Southern African Power Poolprimary
SAPP Market Performance Report, June 2026Southern African Power Poolprimary
SAPP Market Performance Report, March 2026Southern African Power Poolprimary
SAPP Market Performance Report, May 2026Southern African Power Poolprimary
SAPP Market Performance Report, November 2025Southern African Power Poolprimary
SAPP Monthly Report, August 2026 (R08)Southern African Power Poolprimary
SAPP Quarterly Report, April to June 2026 (Issue Q1-2026/27)Southern African Power Poolprimary
SAPP Quarterly Report, January to March 2026Southern African Power Poolprimary
SAPP Quarterly Report, October to December 2025Southern African Power Poolprimary
Update on Independent Transmission Projects programmeSAnews (South African Government News Agency)2026-10-02primary
Vodacom and Eskom mark first anniversary of South Africa's virtual wheeling mechanismVodacom2026-10-01primary
Wheeling of energy and net-billing policy, Rev 2Eskom2026-07primary
Work starts on Ressano Garcia border upgradeFreight News2026-08-21secondary
Written reply to parliamentary question NW3909 (Ms N S Sompa-Masiu), Minister of Electricity and EnergyNational Assembly (reply text as published by the Parliamentary Monitoring Group)2026-07-30primary
Zimbabwe: ZIMRA Moves to Clear Beitbridge Truck Backlog As Border Congestion Persists (New Zimbabwe, via allAfrica)New Zimbabwe / allAfrica2026-07-28secondary
ZiZaBoNa Transmission Project, PIDA project database entryAfrican Union Development Agency (PIDA)secondary

Map and regional groupings

Country outlines: Natural Earth 1:50m Admin 0 - Countries, v5.1.1 (naturalearth.s3.amazonaws.com/50m_cultural/ne_50m_admin_0_countries.zip). Public domain. Natural Earth places no restrictions on use: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/ Regional groupings come from the country table of The African Economy's data layer.