Mozambique
Substantial coverage: 8 draft records, in Regional power trade, Transport corridors and border posts. This is not a full account of Mozambique's policy; each area says what was read.
Where Mozambique's reforms stand
Four tracks per reform. The date is the milestone each status rests on.
| Idea | Legal | Rules | Delivery | Funding |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ressano Garcia border post rebuilt | Not tracked– | Not tracked– | Unknown | Unknown |
| Maputo–Ressano Garcia railway | Not tracked– | Not tracked– | Targeted · 18 Jul 2030 | Unknown |
| Mozambique–Malawi interconnector | Not tracked– | Not tracked– | Unknown | Unknown |
| Network access in Mozambique | In force · 9 Oct 2022 | In force · 7 Jul 2026 | Unknown | Not tracked– |
| Mozambique's independent system operator | In force · 9 Oct 2022 | Unknown | Not started · 7 Jul 2026 | Not tracked– |
| Mozambique's export and import concessions | In force · 9 Oct 2022 | In force · 7 Jul 2026 | Unknown | Not tracked– |
Next dated steps
- target 18 Jul 2030 Maputo–Ressano Garcia rail works end (financier's project period) "Project start date July 18, 2025"; "Project end date July 18, 2030"not yet checked by a person
A target is what a named source says will happen, not a forecast made here.
Steps taken
- 17 Aug 2026 Ground broken at Ressano Garcia "Mozambique has broken ground on a 980-million-metical (about R260m) modernisation of the Ressano Garcia border post"; the project was launched on 17 Augustnot yet checked by a person
- 7 Jul 2026 Mozambique's access rules published; tariff left to ARENE "A concessionária de transporte e distribuição e o Gestor do Sistema Eléctrico Nacional devem permitir o acesso à respectiva rede de transporte a terceiros, de forma não discriminatória e em condições equiparáveis de qualidade, desde que haja capacidade disponível e não afecte os níveis regulamentares de qualidade, eficiência, segurança e fiabilidade do serviço e da operação do Sistema Eléctrico Nacional, mediante o pagamento de uma tarifa de trânsito."; "feito mediante o pagamento de uma tarifa de trânsito fixada em termos a regulamentar pela Autoridade Reguladora de Energia."In English: "The transmission and distribution concessionaire and the National Electricity System Manager must allow third parties access to the respective transmission network, in a non-discriminatory way and on comparable quality terms, provided there is available capacity and it does not affect the regulatory levels of quality, efficiency, safety and reliability of the service and of the operation of the National Electricity System, on payment of a transit tariff."; "subject to payment of a transit tariff set on terms to be regulated by the Energy Regulatory Authority."Machine translation from Portuguese, not yet checked by a personnot yet checked by a person
- 7 Jul 2026 EDM keeps the system operator's functions "As funções do Gestor do Sistema Eléctrico Nacional são exercidas pela Electricidade de Moçambique, E.P"In English: "The functions of the National Electricity System Manager are performed by Electricidade de Moçambique, E.P."Machine translation from Portuguese, not yet checked by a personnot yet checked by a person
- 9 Oct 2022 Mozambique's Electricity Law in force "A presente Lei entra em vigor 90 dias após a data da sua publicação."In English: "This Law enters into force 90 days after the date of its publication."Machine translation from Portuguese, not yet checked by a personnot yet checked by a person
Institutions named in the records
- Autoridade Reguladora de Energia · Regulator
- Portos e Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique · Infrastructure operator
- Electricidade de Moçambique · Utility
- Hidroeléctrica de Cahora Bassa · Utility
- Conselho de Ministros · Ministry
- Ministério dos Recursos Minerais e Energia · Ministry
- South32 · Private
Constraints observed
- Cahora Bassa's sales by customer, 2023 and 2024 · Constraint (observed)
- Mozal aluminium smelter placed on care and maintenance for want of power, March 2026 · Constraint (event)
Electricity in Mozambique, 2000 to 2024
In 2024, generation in Mozambique was 20 TWh, 82% of it from hydro, against 9.6 TWh in 2000. Installed capacity was 3.1 GW. No record or status on this site rests on these figures.
What this does not establish. Generation is counted where the electricity is produced. Imports and exports are not shown, so a country's generation is not the electricity its economy uses. More than half of Cahora Bassa's sales in 2023 and 2024 went to Eskom in South Africa. See the record Cahora Bassa's sales by customer. Ember's figures are not reconciled with the figures in the records, which come from national sources with their own definitions and periods. Generation and capacity are different quantities and are drawn as separate charts.
Source: Ember, Yearly electricity data (full release), read 2026-10-25, licensed CC BY 4.0. Fuels grouped here; copied from laurencehw/african-economic-future, _data/ember/ at commit cf0853a (26 October 2026), unchanged.
The figures, every five years
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation (TWh) | ||||||
| Gas and other fossil | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 1.3 | 3.1 | 3.3 |
| Hydro | 9.6 | 13 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 |
| Wind and solar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
| Bioenergy and other renewables | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.11 | 0.13 |
| Total | 9.6 | 13 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| Capacity (GW) | ||||||
| Gas and other fossil | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.41 | 0.66 | 0.66 |
| Hydro | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
| Wind and solar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.18 |
| Bioenergy and other renewables | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| Total | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.1 |